{"id":49030,"date":"2019-04-19T10:04:18","date_gmt":"2019-04-19T07:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=49030"},"modified":"2019-04-19T10:04:23","modified_gmt":"2019-04-19T07:04:23","slug":"cercetatorii-au-descoperit-o-noua-stare-de-agregare-a-materiei-poate-fi-mai-raspandita-decat-pare-la-prima-vedere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=49030","title":{"rendered":"Cercet\u0103torii au descoperit o nou\u0103 stare de agregare a materiei. Poate fi mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 dec\u00e2t pare la prima vedere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Materia poate lua multe forme, dar mul\u0163i dintre noi suntem familiari cu cele trei st\u0103ri de baz\u0103: solid, lichid \u015fi gazos. Acum, pentru prima dat\u0103, savan\u0163ii au descoperit c\u0103 este posibil ca materia s\u0103 existe \u00een dou\u0103 dintre aceste st\u0103ri, \u00een acela\u015fi timp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mai exact, potasiul<\/a> metal poate fi lichid \u015fi solid \u00een mod simultan, dac\u0103 este tratat \u00eentr-un anume fel. Trebuie s\u0103 se aplice presiune extrem\u0103 \u015fi temperatur\u0103 extrem\u0103, iar metalul va fi \u015fi solid \u015fi lichid, scrie Science Alert<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eEste ca \u015fi cum ai \u0163ine un burete umplut cu ap\u0103 care \u00eencepe s\u0103 se scurg\u0103, cu excep\u0163ia c\u0103 buretele ar fi \u015fi el din ap\u0103\u201d, a precizat Andreas Hermann, unul dintre autorii studiului de la Universitatea din Edinburgh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potasiul este destul de simplu. Formeaz\u0103 o structur\u0103 cristalin\u0103 de baz\u0103 \u00een forma sa solid\u0103, dar atunci c\u00e2nd este supus condi\u0163iilor extreme, pot avea loc lucruri bizare. Spre exemplu, sodiul metal poate deveni un izolator la presiuni mari.\u00a0Litiul<\/a>\u00a0devine un superconductor la presiuni mari \u015fi temperaturi mici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Experimentele anterioare cu potasiul la temperaturi mari au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 atomii s\u0103i se organizeaz\u0103 \u00een aranjamente complexe – cinci \u201etuburi\u201d de atomi \u00eentr-o forma\u0163ie p\u0103trat\u0103, patru la col\u0163uri, una \u00een mijloc \u015fi patru lan\u0163uri de atomi legate \u00eentre ele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd c\u0103ldura este aplicat\u0103, lan\u0163ul dispare; cercet\u0103torii numesc acest proces \u201etranzi\u0163ia de topire a lan\u0163ului\u201d \u015fi se crede c\u0103 are loc atunci c\u00e2nd lan\u0163ul de potasiu trece dintr-o stare ordonat\u0103 \u00eentr-una dezordonat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a \u00eencerca s\u0103 afle de ce are loc acest lucru, savan\u0163ii au folosit simul\u0103ri computerizate pentru a observa comportamentul a circa 20.000 de atomi de potasiu \u00een condi\u0163ii extreme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd presiunea \u015fi temperatura sunt suficient de mari – \u00een jurul a 2-4 gigapascali – atomii de potasiu se aranjeaz\u0103 \u00een lan\u0163uri \u015fi straturi \u00eentrep\u0103trunse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interac\u0163iunile chimice dintre straturile de atomi<\/a> sunt puternice, astfel c\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00eentr-o stare ordonat\u0103 c\u00e2nd se aplic\u0103 o temperatur\u0103 de 400-800 K. Dar \u00eentre timp, lan\u0163urile se topesc \u00eentr-o stare dezordonat\u0103, lichid\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Echipa de cercet\u0103tori crede c\u0103 aceast\u0103 stare de agregare exist\u0103 la mai multe materiale, inclusiv la sodiu \u015fi bismut, \u00een condi\u0163iile potrivite, care probabil variaz\u0103 de la un material la altul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sursa: descopera.ro<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Materia poate lua multe forme, dar mul\u0163i dintre noi suntem familiari cu cele trei st\u0103ri de baz\u0103: solid, lichid \u015fi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stiri-interne"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/image.jpg?fit=1351%2C1080","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-cKO","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=49030"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49030\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49032,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49030\/revisions\/49032"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/49031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=49030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=49030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=49030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}