{"id":18882,"date":"2017-02-07T11:30:48","date_gmt":"2017-02-07T09:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=18882"},"modified":"2017-02-07T09:03:39","modified_gmt":"2017-02-07T07:03:39","slug":"comori-lingvistice-cuvinte-vechi-cuvinte-disparute-scoasela-iveala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=18882","title":{"rendered":"Comori lingvistice: cuvinte vechi, cuvinte disp\u0103rute scoase”la iveal\u0103”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cuvinte vechi, unele dintre ele disp\u0103rute, comori lingvistice str\u00e2nse \u00eentr-o carte de folcloristul Mircea Tomescu, oltean, au fost scoase din nou la iveal\u0103 \u00eentr-o publica\u0163ie de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Imagini
\n\u00cen ultimul num\u0103r, din ianuarie 2017, al revistei Memoria Oltului, autorul Ilie Dumitru vorbe\u015fte despre zestrea l\u0103sat\u0103 de lingvistul, etnograful \u015fi folcloristul Mircea Tomescu, din Aluni\u015f (Spineni), pe baza cercet\u0103rilor \u00een teren realizate de oltean fiind elaborate de-a lungul timpului mai multe monografii etno-folclorice ale unor sate ca: Runcu (Gorj), Dr\u0103gu\u015f (\u0162ara B\u00e2rsei), Cornova (Basarabia).\u00a0\u00a0 Articolele lui Mircea Tomescu sunt citate de altfel, men\u0163ioneaz\u0103 Ilie Dumitru, \u00een \u201eIstoria limbii rom\u00e2ne\u201c a lingvistului ie\u015fean Gheorghe Iv\u0103nescu \u015fi \u00een alte lucr\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

Cuvinte disp\u0103rute, obiceiuri asemenea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Graiul vechi al oltenilor a fost puternic influen\u0163at, explica lingvistul, de fenomenul migra\u0163iei p\u0103storilor din sudul Transilvaniei c\u0103tre localit\u0103\u0163ile din nordul jude\u0163ului Olt, la fel cum oltenii din sud s-au l\u0103sat influen\u0163a\u0163i de turcii de la care cump\u0103rau m\u0103rfuri.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1944 Mircea Tomescu public\u0103 un Glosar, o lucrare apreciat\u0103 de speciali\u015ftii acelor vremuri, \u00een care reune\u015fte foarte multe cuvinte oltene\u015fti, cele mai multe ast\u0103zi cu totul disp\u0103rute din graiul localnicilor \u015fi aproape uitate \u015fi la acel moment.<\/p>\n

Despre \u201ebu\u015fdule\u201c \u015fi \u201echi\u0163imii\u201c <\/strong><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een\u0163elegem cuv\u00e2ntul \u201echi\u0163imie\u201c (cas\u0103 mica, joas\u0103 \u015fi \u00eentunecoas\u0103), ca \u015fi \u201eco\u015fmelie\u201c, oltenii al c\u0103ror grai l-a studiat Mircea Tomescu foloseau cu un sens asem\u0103n\u0103tor \u015fi cuv\u00e2ntul \u201ebu\u015fdul\u0103\u201c (cas\u0103 veche d\u0103r\u0103p\u0103nat\u0103 de vreme, cocioab\u0103).\u00a0 Aceste case s\u0103r\u0103c\u0103cioase erau \u201epomostite\u201c\u00a0 (p\u0103m\u00e2ntul era netezit). Pomostul mai \u00eenseamna \u015fi loc de cas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pu\u0163ine case, spune autorul, aveau \u201eslonuri\u201c (pivni\u0163\u0103, \u015fatr\u0103 sau \u015fopron), sau \u201etimnic\u201c (c\u0103m\u0103ru\u0163\u0103 lipit\u0103 unui perete al casei \u00een care se p\u0103streaz\u0103 cele necesare buc\u0103t\u0103riei). Gardurile erau f\u0103cute din \u201ev\u00e2rghin\u0103\u201c (lemn lung \u015fi gros), la fel \u015fi unele \u00eenchisori.<\/p>\n

M\u00e2ncarea, \u00een vremuri grele, era \u201ec\u0103r\u00e2ie\u201c (s\u0103r\u0103c\u0103cioas\u0103) , \u0163\u0103ranii m\u00e2ncau \u201eo c\u0103r\u00e2ie de turt\u0103 sau p\u00e2ine\u201d, iar p\u00e2inea sau m\u0103m\u0103liga uneori era \u201eclis\u0103\u201c (necoapt\u0103, care se lipea de cerul gurii – cuv\u00e2nt \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u015fi ast\u0103zi). Destul de obi\u015fnuit \u00een gospod\u0103riile \u0163\u0103r\u0103ne\u015fti era \u201escorniciul\u201c (turt\u0103 dumicat\u0103 \u00een untur\u0103 \u00eencins\u0103 \u015fi astfel re\u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103). Vara m\u00e2ncau \u201etro\u015fie\u201c sau \u201echis\u0103li\u0163\u0103\u201c (un fel de compot), dar \u015fi urzici \u201eprepelegite\u201c (b\u0103tute cu prepeleagul – b\u0103\u0163 de 20-25 cm, av\u00e2nd jos dou\u0103 be\u0163e \u00eencruci\u015fate, servind la b\u0103tut urzicile ; prepeleagul mai desemna \u015fi obiectul din lemn lung, g\u0103urit cam din 25 cm \u00een 25 cm, prin g\u0103uri fiind trecute be\u0163e scurte \u015fi groase, folosit drept scar\u0103). \u00cen aceste condi\u0163ii, explic\u0103 etnograful, \u0163\u0103ranii \u201eviiau\u201c, sau \u201ezileau\u201c (tr\u0103iau).<\/p>\n

Au disp\u0103rut ast\u0103zi \u015fi cuvintele care denumeau diverse obiecte folosite \u00een gospod\u0103rie. \u0162\u0103ranii \u00ee\u015fi \u0163eseau singuri p\u00e2nza, folosind r\u0103zboiul de \u0163esut alc\u0103tuit din \u201ecai\/ iepe\/ c\u0103\u0163\u0103i\/ cioace\/ cioc\u0103laie\/ cioc\u0103naie\/ p\u0103c\u0103nele\u201d. Aveau \u201edr\u00e2nd\u201c (unealt\u0103 de sc\u0103rm\u0103nat \u015ftimul \u015fi l\u00e2na), pentru urzit firele aveau nevoie de \u201elerg\u0103toare\u201c. Pentru treburile din gospod\u0103rie foloseau care, dar \u015fi \u201eghioci\u201c (c\u0103rucioare).<\/p>\n

Fudulii se \u00eembr\u0103cau iarna cu \u201eo \u0163aie d\u0103 ain\u0103<\/strong>\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cen denumirea obiectelor de port se observ\u0103, remarca cercet\u0103torul,\u00a0 \u015fi influen\u0163a oriental\u0103. Femeile \u00ee\u015fi acopereau capul cu \u201ebari\u015f-uri\u201c (p\u00e2nz\u0103 fin \u0163esut\u0103 pentru \u00eempodobit, baticul actual), iar broboadei groase, din l\u00e2n\u0103, \u00eei spuneau \u201ebo\u015fcea\u201c. C\u0103m\u0103\u015file aveau \u201eb\u00e2z\u0103r\u201c (guler) \u015fi \u201etrup\u201c (parte a c\u0103m\u0103\u015fii de la br\u00e2u \u00een jos). Despre hainele rupte spuneau c\u0103 sunt \u201eferfelni\u0163\u0103\u201c, despre hainele sub\u0163iri, nec\u0103lduroase, c\u0103 sunt \u201e\u0163aie\u201c, \u00een timp ce haina groas\u0103 era \u201echeba\u201c.<\/p>\n

Femeile purtau \u201eghiurluc\u201c (hain\u0103 de dimie), iar pelerinei f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103 i se spunea \u201eipingea\u201c. B\u0103rba\u0163ii purtau \u201ed\u00e2lvari\u201c (pantaloni largi sus, iar jos str\u00e2n\u015fi pe picior), dar \u015fi \u201e\u015falvari\u201c (pantaloni largi) sau \u201epoturi\u201c (pantaloni largi turce\u015fti). \u00cen picioare purtau \u201ec\u0103pute\u201c (ciorapi din l\u00e2n\u0103, scur\u0163i p\u00e2n\u0103 la glezn\u0103). Papucilor li se spunea \u201etuzluci\u201c, iar pantofilor \u00eenal\u0163i, femeie\u015fti, \u201eiminei\u201c.<\/p>\n

Despre \u0163\u0103ranii din nord, care cultivau pomi fructiferi, iar toamna f\u0103ceau \u0163uic\u0103, se spunea c\u0103 sunt \u201e\u0163uicari\u201c, ace\u015ftia folosind, legat de acest me\u015fte\u015fug, \u015fi o serie de obiecte ast\u0103zi disp\u0103rute. Resturile scoase din cazan erau \u201eboasc\u0103, borhot, bozun\u201d,\u00a0 \u0163uica slab\u0103 era numit\u0103 ,,bulearc\u0103\u201d, iar \u0163uica se bea cu \u201ecioficul\u201c.<\/p>\n

Legat de obiceiul vopsirii firelor folosite la \u0163esut sunt de asemenea o serie de cuvinte, unele p\u0103strate p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi. \u201eCaciur\u201c \u00eensemna p\u0103tat, p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-se p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi termenul \u201ecacior\u00e2t\u201c, verbul \u201ea \u00eempopistra\u201c \u00eenseamn\u0103 a amesteca, iar \u201ecanabiu\u201c desemna culoarea ro\u015fu-alburiu etc.<\/p>\n

Despre firea omului se foloseau de asemenea cuvinte ast\u0103zi disp\u0103rute. Copiilor li se spunea, cu simpatie, \u201eia vino-ncoa, buzdrunule\u201d, despre cel de neclintit se spunea c\u0103 este \u201eb\u00e2\u0163oinat\u201c, despre cel sl\u0103bit – \u201ep\u00e2rpor\u201c, prostu\u0163ii erau \u201eba\u015foldii\u201c, \u201ealim\u0103nit\u201c \u00eensemna afurisit, blestemat, \u201edos\u0103dit\u201c \u2013 am\u0103r\u00e2t, b\u0103tut de rele, \u201escrofos\u201c \u2013 gras, \u201ed\u00e2rmin\u0103\u201c \u2013 femeie gras\u0103, \u00eenceat\u0103 \u00een mi\u015fc\u0103ri etc.<\/p>\n

\u201eGlosarul acesta r\u0103m\u00e2ne o m\u0103rturie peste timp despre graiul vechi al Oltului \u015fi este meritul \u015ftiin\u0163ific al lui Mircea Tomescu, pentru c\u0103 a salvat de la pieire multe cuvinte vechi, specifice zonei\u201c, mai men\u0163ioneaz\u0103 autorul articolului \u201eVechi cuvinte oltene\u015fti\u201c publicat \u00een Memoria Oltului, Ilie Dumitru.<\/p>\n

Sursa:adevarul.ro<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cuvinte vechi, unele dintre ele disp\u0103rute, comori lingvistice str\u00e2nse \u00eentr-o carte de folcloristul Mircea Tomescu, oltean, au fost scoase din<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/memoria-oltului-revista.jpg?fit=%2C&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-4Uy","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18882"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18891,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18882\/revisions\/18891"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/18888"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}