{"id":22367,"date":"2017-05-12T13:38:20","date_gmt":"2017-05-12T10:38:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=22367"},"modified":"2017-05-12T10:43:27","modified_gmt":"2017-05-12T07:43:27","slug":"cum-functiona-sistemul-bancar-acum-200-de-ani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=22367","title":{"rendered":"Cum func\u0163iona sistemul bancar acum 200 de ani"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>De\u015fi pare greu de crezut, acum 200 de ani fiecare etnie avea propriile unit\u0103\u0163i bancare. Asta pentru c\u0103 sa\u015fii, de exemplu, nu voiau s\u0103 acorde \u00eemprumuturi rom\u00e2nilor dec\u00e2t \u00een condi\u0163ii speciale. Boom-ul b\u0103ncilor a \u00eenceput la finalul anilor 1800, c\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi \u00een mediul rural au luat na\u015ftere unit\u0103\u0163i financiare.<\/p>\n<p>La finalul anilor 1800, \u00een Transilvania erau deja c\u00e2teva sute de b\u0103nci. Cele mai multe apar\u0163ineau etnicilor maghiari \u015fi nem\u0163i, care \u00eens\u0103 erau foarte selectivi c\u00e2nd venea vorba despre acordarea de \u00eemprumuturi reprezentan\u0163ilor altor etnii. Astfel, rom\u00e2nii au fost nevoi\u0163i s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi fac\u0103 propriile b\u0103nci.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/adevarul.ro\/assets\/adevarul.ro\/MRImage\/2017\/05\/11\/591458a65ab6550cb8ffe799\/646x404.jpg?resize=524%2C328\" alt=\"Cum func\u0163iona sistemul bancar acum 200 de ani. Fiecare etnie avea propriile b\u0103nci\" width=\"524\" height=\"328\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ora\u015ful Bistri\u0163a, func\u0163iona o banc\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din 1882, numit\u0103 Bistitzer Distriktsparkassa, controlat\u0103 de sa\u015fi. Ace\u015ftia \u00eens\u0103 refuzat s\u0103 ofere acces la aceast\u0103 unitate bancar\u0103 \u015fi rom\u00e2nilor. A\u015fa se face c\u0103 cinci ani mai t\u00e2rziu, la Bistri\u0163a lua na\u015ftere prima banc\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, numit\u0103 \u201eBistri\u0163eana\u201d. Aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie era \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u00een \u00eentreaga Transilvanie.<\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u00cenfiin\u0163area institu\u0163iilor de credit rom\u00e2ne\u015fti a pornit dintr-o presant\u0103 necesitate economic\u0103, impus\u0103 de procesele moderniz\u0103rii societ\u0103\u0163ii transilv\u0103nene, care solicitau resurse sporite de capitaluri financiare \u015fi institu\u0163ii creditoare capabile s\u0103 ofere pemanent \u00eemprumuturi ieftine \u015fi consistente, dar \u015fi dintr-un impuls al elitelor na\u0163ionale de a-\u015fi \u00eentemeia entit\u0103\u0163i economice viabile, de care s\u0103 dispun\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 le \u00eendrume \u00een beneficiul comunit\u0103\u0163ilor na\u0163ionale, excluz\u00e2nd posibilele imixtiuni ale autorit\u0103\u0163ilor statului\u201d, explic\u0103 istoricii Vasile Dobrescu \u015fi Adrian Onofreiu \u00een lucrarea \u201eTrecutul mai aproape de noi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Elitele rom\u00e2nilor s-au unit \u015fi au sus\u0163inut organizarea unor unit\u0103\u0163i bancare. Aceast\u0103 mi\u015fcare a avut o asemenea amploare, \u00eenc\u00e2t p\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi \u00een mediul rural au luat na\u015ftere b\u0103nci, asta \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 b\u0103ncile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti au ap\u0103rut cu c\u00e2\u0163iva ani buni dup\u0103 cele s\u0103se\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Bistri\u0163a-N\u0103s\u0103ud, de exemplu, \u00een 1895 cel pu\u0163in cinci comune aveau propria banc\u0103: Ilva Mare, Feldru, Rodna, Prundu B\u00e2rg\u0103ului \u015fi Zagra. \u00cen doar doi ani (\u00een perioada 1885-1887) \u00een Transilvania au luat na\u015ftere 9 b\u0103nci, de\u015fi acesta nu era un proces tocmai facil.<\/p>\n<p><strong> Intelectualii rom\u00e2ni au fost autodidac\u0163i \u015fi au \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at singuri secretele b\u0103ncilor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Primii ac\u0163ionari ai b\u0103ncilor au fost tocmai intelectualii rom\u00e2ni. Ace\u015ftia nu doar c\u0103 \u015fi-au pus la b\u0103taie economiile, ci au f\u0103cut parte \u015fi din conducerea b\u0103ncilor, fiind nevoi\u0163i s\u0103 \u00eenve\u0163e singuri secretele administr\u0103rii unei unit\u0103\u0163i financiare.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eMi\u015fcarea pentru \u00eentemeierea unor institu\u0163ii de credit, declan\u015fat\u0103 de \u00eenfiin\u0163area b\u0103ncii \u201eAlbina\u201d din Sibiu, \u00een 1871, s-a extins pe \u00eentreg cuprinsul Transilvaniei \u015fi a reprezentat un fenomen soio-economic cu mari implica\u0163ii \u00een structurile \u00eentregii societ\u0103\u0163i rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, \u00een epoca rom\u00e2n\u0103. Ea s-a concretizat, evident, spre sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XIX-lea, printr-un sistem de credit na\u0163ional, \u00eenchegat \u015fi reprezentat de aproape 100 de institu\u0163ii finaniare (b\u0103nci \u015fi reuniuni de credit), c\u00e2t \u015fi prin capacitatea unor grupuri elitare de a gestiona, cu performan\u0163e notabile, activit\u0103\u0163i economice ce presupuneau pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cuno\u015ftin\u0163e de specialitate, resurse \u015fi calit\u0103\u0163i manageriale\u201d, mai spun cei doi istorici.<\/p>\n<p>Cl\u0103direa \u00een care a avut sediul <a title=\"Banca Albina din Sibiu\" href=\"http:\/\/enciclopediaromaniei.ro\/wiki\/Banca_Albina_din_Sibiu\">Banca Albina din Sibiu<\/a> \u00eentre anii 1875-1948, ast\u0103zi sediul filialei BNR Sibiu, strada Mitropoliei nr.16<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/enciclopediaromaniei.ro\/w\/images\/4\/46\/Banca_Albina_Sibiu.jpg?resize=519%2C346\" alt=\"Fi\u0219ier:Banca Albina Sibiu.jpg\" width=\"519\" height=\"346\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sursa:adevarul.ro<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De\u015fi pare greu de crezut, acum 200 de ani fiecare etnie avea propriile unit\u0103\u0163i bancare. Asta pentru c\u0103 sa\u015fii, de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-5OL","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22367"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22370,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22367\/revisions\/22370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}