{"id":44604,"date":"2018-12-19T14:16:50","date_gmt":"2018-12-19T12:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=44604"},"modified":"2018-12-19T11:32:45","modified_gmt":"2018-12-19T09:32:45","slug":"butea-feciorilor-un-obicei-de-craciun-pastrat-de-sute-de-ani-in-judetul-alba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=44604","title":{"rendered":"\u201eButea feciorilor\u201d, un obicei de Cr\u0103ciun p\u0103strat de sute de ani \u00een jude\u0163ul Alba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00cen satele din jude\u0163ul Alba se p\u0103streaz\u0103 de sute de ani numeroase tradi\u0163ii \u015fi obiceiuri specifice Cr\u0103ciunului, unul dintre cele mai frumoase \u015fi inedite fiind &#8220;Butea feciorilor\u201d. Vechi de aproximativ 400 de ani, este, potrivit etnografilor, cel mai vechi obicei care se mai practic\u0103 \u00een satele din \u0162ara Seca\u015felor, din jude\u0163ul Alba. Tradi\u0163ia \u00eencepe \u00een postul Cr\u0103ciunului \u015fi se termin\u0103 \u00een ziua de Cr\u0103ciun, c\u00e2nd ceata de feciori colind\u0103 satele, aduc\u00e2nd vestea minunat\u0103 a Na\u015fterii Domnului.\u00a0<br><br>Etnograful Petru\u0163a Pop a cercetat obiceiurile \u015fi tradi\u0163iile populare din jude\u0163ul Alba \u015fi spune c\u0103, din multitudinea de obiceiuri \u015fi datini practicate \u00een lumea satului tradi\u0163ional pe durata s\u0103rb\u0103torilor de iarn\u0103, cel mai vechi care se p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u015fi ast\u0103zi \u00een \u0162ara Seca\u015felor este \u201eButea feciorilor&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u201eButea feciorilor este un obicei vechi de aproape 400 de ani \u015fi apare atestat documentar \u00een 1647, \u00een Memorialul pastorului Andreas Mathesius din Cerg\u0103u Mic. Pastorul satului, referindu-se la \u00eend\u0103r\u0103tnicii s\u0103i enoria\u015fi, spune c\u0103 \u201eei arat\u0103 c\u0103 de la p\u0103rin\u0163ii \u015fi bunicii lor au primit astfel de tradi\u0163ii \u015fi \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103turi de urmat, ca \u00een noaptea de Cr\u0103ciun, tineretul lor s\u0103 umble cu colindele\u2026c\u00e2nd intr\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103 jum\u0103tate din ceat\u0103 se a\u015feaz\u0103 la mas\u0103, bea \u015fi m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103, iar ceilal\u0163i trebuie s\u0103 stea \u00een picioare \u015fi s\u0103 c\u00e2nte rom\u00e2ne\u015fte nelegiuitele lor colinde\u2026 \u00eenainte de Cr\u0103ciun n-au alt\u0103 grij\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t s\u0103 stea \u00eempreun\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u0163e dr\u0103ce\u015ftile c\u00e2ntece&#8217;.\u00a0 Obiceiul Bu\u0163ii s-a practicat cu regularitate, an de an, cu \u00eentreruperi \u00een timpul celor dou\u0103 r\u0103zboaie mondiale&#8217;, explic\u0103 Petru\u0163a Pop.\u00a0<br><br>\u00a0 Obiceiul Bu\u0163ii s-a practicat cu regularitate, an de an, cu \u00eentreruperi \u00een timpul celor dou\u0103 r\u0103zboaie mondiale&#8217;, explic\u0103 Petru\u0163a Pop. Obiceiul s-a practicat aproape ne\u00eentrerupt \u00een multe comunit\u0103\u0163i din Ardeal, excep\u0163ie fiind perioada r\u0103zboaielor, c\u00e2nd satele ardelene\u015fti \u00ee\u015fi jeleau fiii, mor\u0163i pe fronturi departe de cei ai casei, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t preo\u0163ii cereau ca obiceiul s\u0103 nu se mai practice, \u00een semn de doliu. Petru\u0163a Pop afirm\u0103 c\u0103 descrierea cea mai veche a obiceiului Bu\u0163ii apar\u0163ine lui Septimiu Albini, originar din Cut, care \u00een 1887 scrie, \u00een \u201eTribuna&#8217;, despre \u201eColindatul juni\u015fenilor b\u0103ga\u0163i la bute&#8217;, iar mai t\u00e2rziu, o cercetare ampl\u0103 a fost realizat\u0103 \u00een 1999, de c\u0103tre Ilie Moise, \u00een lucrarea \u201eConfrerii carpatice de tineret. Ceata de feciori&#8217;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eButea feciorilor&#8217; se practic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een unele sate din Alba <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chiar dac\u0103 este un obicei foarte vechi, \u201eButea feciorilor&#8217; se mai practic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een unele localit\u0103\u0163i din jude\u0163ul Alba, fiind o tradi\u0163ie cu o organizare complex\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u201eObiceiul se practica \u00een localit\u0103\u0163ile Ro\u015fia de Seca\u015f, Ghirbom, Do\u015ftat, Berghin, \u015epring, Dra\u015fov, Deal, Cut, Daia Rom\u00e2n\u0103. Ast\u0103zi se practic\u0103 la Cut \u015fi Daia Rom\u00e2n\u0103, iar \u00een celelalte localit\u0103\u0163i, doar sporadic \u015fi \u00een cadru organizat. Complex \u015fi riguros organizat, obiceiul se preg\u0103tea cu \u015fase s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte de Cr\u0103ciun, timp \u00een care feciorii satului se grupau pe v\u00e2rste, iar \u00een alte sate, diferen\u0163ierea se f\u0103cea dup\u0103 c\u0103t\u0103nie. Momentele principale ale obiceiului se pot ordona \u00een felul urm\u0103tor: g\u0103sirea gazdei, alegerea c\u0103peteniilor, str\u00e2nsul vinului, colindatul \u015fi butea propriu-zis\u0103&#8217;, afirm\u0103 etnograful Petru\u0163a Pop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potrivit acesteia, feciorii porneau mai \u00eent\u00e2i prin sat \u00een prima duminic\u0103 din Postul Cr\u0103ciunului \u00een aflarea unei case cu \u00eenc\u0103peri mai mari, unde cereau voie proprietarului pentru a-i g\u0103zdui pe durata preg\u0103tirii \u015fi desf\u0103\u015fur\u0103rii obiceiului, iar apoi alegerea conduc\u0103torilor bu\u0163ii reprezenta un moment important pentru ceat\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eLa loc de cinste se situa judele, numit \u00een alte p\u0103r\u0163i v\u0103taf, ghir\u0103u sau primar, acesta fiind cel care poart\u0103 \u00eentreaga r\u0103spundere pe durata celor \u015fase s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de preg\u0103tiri \u015fi dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de desf\u0103\u015furare a \u00eentregului ceremonial. Ajutoarele judelui sunt col\u0103carul, numit \u00een alte p\u0103r\u0163i jurat sau cr\u00e2\u015fmarul mare \u015fi care se bucura de aprecierea colectivit\u0103\u0163ii, ace\u015ftia av\u00e2nd roluri importante \u015fi \u00een organizare, r\u0103spunz\u00e2nd de c\u0103mar\u0103 \u015fi pivni\u0163\u0103, dar \u015fi de str\u00e2nsul darurilor.\u00a0 \u00cen general, c\u0103peteniile se alegeau din feciorii cu armat\u0103 f\u0103cut\u0103 care aveau autoritate. Ei alegeau cr\u00e2\u015fmarul (din grupul celor tineri), ou\u0163a \u015fi p\u00e2rgarul (din grupul celor care intr\u0103 prima dat\u0103 la bute)&#8217;, mai spune Petru\u0163a Pop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potrivit tradi\u0163iei, fiecare \u00ee\u015fi are rolul bine stabilit \u00een ceat\u0103, astfel c\u0103 v\u0103taful sau judele conduce echipa de colind\u0103tori, juratul se ocup\u0103 de fete, cr\u00e2\u015fmarul se ocup\u0103 de vin \u015fi r\u0103spunde de butea cu vin p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultima zi de petrecere, ou\u0163a str\u00e2nge ou\u0103le din sat \u015fi le pred\u0103 colcerului sau buc\u0103tarului, iar p\u00e2rgarii aduc apa, car\u0103 lemne, str\u00e2ng colacii \u015fi carnea primit\u0103 de colind\u0103tori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u201eVinul se str\u00e2nge, de regul\u0103, din sat, printr-un ritual aparte, \u00een ziua de Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae. Feciorii prindeau c\u00e2te patru boi la car, \u00eempodobi\u0163i cu ciucuri la coarne \u015fi clopote la g\u00e2t. \u00cen car se punea butea de 60-70 de fierii. Se trecea pe la casa fiec\u0103rui fecior prins \u00een Bute, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t se aduna de la o cas\u0103 c\u00e2te cinci fierii de vin. Iar c\u00e2nd butea era plin\u0103, era dus\u0103 \u00een pivni\u0163a gazdei. Tot acum se tocmea soc\u0103ci\u0163a pentru g\u0103titul m\u00e2nc\u0103rurilor, care urma s\u0103 fie pl\u0103tit\u0103 din banii str\u00e2n\u015fi \u00een seara de colindat, iar un fecior din ceat\u0103 aducea la gazd\u0103 alimente necesare mesei: unsoare, c\u0103p\u0103\u0163\u00e2ni de varz\u0103 \u015fi ou\u0103. Erau ajuta\u0163i \u015fi de fete, care le f\u0103ceau t\u0103i\u0163eii \u00een Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului&#8217;, poveste\u015fte Petru\u0163a Pop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potrivit etnografilor, punctul important al tradi\u0163iei este \u00een ziua de Ajun, c\u00e2nd, la ora dou\u0103 dup\u0103-amiaz\u0103, feciorii se str\u00e2ng la gazd\u0103 \u00een \u0163inut\u0103 de s\u0103rb\u0103toare, iar, dup\u0103 ce colind\u0103 gazda, ceata porne\u015fte spre casa preotului, unde sunt \u00eent\u00e2mpina\u0163i de acesta cu masa preg\u0103tit\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eV\u0103taful d\u0103 preotului s\u0103 \u00eenchine din plosca cu vin, iar preotul \u00eei cheam\u0103 \u00een curte pentru a colinda. Se cere colacul \u015fi se colind\u0103 la cererea gazdei, colinde care trebuiau \u015ftiute de c\u0103tre ceata de feciori. Erau r\u0103spl\u0103ti\u0163i cu daruri \u00een bani, colaci \u015fi carne. Dup\u0103 colindatul la casa preotului, grupul de feciori pornea spre casa \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103torului, a primarului \u015fi a mai marilor satului. Colindatul cetei de feciori se termina \u00een ziua de Cr\u0103ciun, \u00een jurul amiezii, atunci c\u00e2nd feciorii se \u00eentorceau la gazd\u0103, unde c\u0103peteniile lor num\u0103rau banii aduna\u0163i&#8217;, afirm\u0103 Petru\u0163a Pop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Banii aduna\u0163i erau folosi\u0163i apoi, potrivit etnografului, pentru organizarea unei petreceri la care erau invitate toate fetele din sat. \u201ePetrecerea la bute \u00eencepea din aceast\u0103 zi \u015fi \u0163inea p\u00e2n\u0103 la Sf\u00e2ntul Ion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petrecerea se \u00eentindea de-a lungul s\u0103rb\u0103torilor, totul fiind foarte bine precizat \u015fi civilizat. Se jucau diverse jocuri, feciorii \u015fi fetele se prindeau \u00een joc. Tot acum, era prilejul c\u00e2nd fetele erau b\u0103gate \u00een joc pentru prima dat\u0103, fiind vorba despre cele care n-au mai jucat p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci&#8217;, mai spune Petru\u0163a Pop. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen satele din Ardeal se mai p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u015fi ast\u0103zi numeroase obiceiuri vechi specifice Cr\u0103ciunului \u015fi Anului Nou, acestea fiind \u00een vechime un bun prilej de socializare \u00eentre membrii comunit\u0103\u0163ii satului. Cetele de colind\u0103tori formate din fl\u0103c\u0103i, \u201epi\u0163\u0103r\u0103ii&#8217;, colind\u0103torii de v\u00e2rste foarte mici, sau uratul de Anul Nou sunt doar c\u00e2teva obiceiuri specifice satelor ardelene\u015fti care au fost intens cercetate de c\u0103tre etnografi \u015fi etnologi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0019.jpg?resize=430%2C323&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"430\" height=\"323\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0020.jpg?resize=408%2C306&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"408\" height=\"306\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0021.jpg?resize=400%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0022.jpg?resize=371%2C278&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"371\" height=\"278\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0010-1.jpg?resize=361%2C271&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"361\" height=\"271\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0000.jpg?resize=374%2C281&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"374\" height=\"281\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/mediacdn.libertatea.ro\/unsafe\/0x0\/smart\/filters:contrast(8):quality(80)\/https:\/\/static4.libertatea.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/bscap0005.jpg?resize=376%2C282&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"REPORTAJ\/Tradi\u00c8\u009bii \u00c3\u00aen Ardeal: \u00e2\u0080\u009eButea feciorilor\u00e2\u0080\u009d, un obicei de Cr\u00c4\u0083ciun p\u00c4\u0083strat de sute de ani \u00c3\u00aen jude\u00c5\u00a3ul Alba\/FOTO\" width=\"376\" height=\"282\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sursa:libertatea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen satele din jude\u0163ul Alba se p\u0103streaz\u0103 de sute de ani numeroase tradi\u0163ii \u015fi obiceiuri specifice Cr\u0103ciunului, unul dintre cele<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44607,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-periplu-prin-romania"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/bscap0010-1.jpg?fit=1920%2C1440&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-bBq","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44604"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44604\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44608,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44604\/revisions\/44608"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44607"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}