Prin studierea perechilor de electroni din materialele superconductoare, cercet\u0103torii au identificat o nou\u0103 stare a materiei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Electronii <\/a>sunt unele dintre cele mai mici particule din Univers, care, \u00een condi\u0163ii specifice, pot crea leg\u0103turi cu al\u0163i electroni, permi\u0163\u00e2ndu-le s\u0103 se deplase prin materialele superconductoare cu u\u015furin\u0163\u0103. Aceste \u201epateneriate\u201d cuantice, numite \u201eleg\u0103turi Cooper\u201d, pot avea dou\u0103 st\u0103ri: una \u00een care pot trece prin materiale f\u0103r\u0103 efort (superconductivitate) sau \u00een care nu pot face asta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O echip\u0103 de cercet\u0103tori din Statele Unite ale Americii \u015fi China a descoperit c\u0103, \u00een anumite condi\u0163ii, leg\u0103turile Cooper pot exista \u00eentr-o stare intermediar\u0103, \u00een care ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 precum un electron individual, noteaz\u0103 Science Alert<\/a>. Oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103, de\u015fi, la prima vedere o pereche de electroni care se comport\u0103 precum electronii obi\u015fnui\u0163i nu pare a fi o observa\u0163ie interesant\u0103, \u00een realitate vorbim despre un fenomen care nu a mai fost observat anterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Electronii sunt fermioni, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 sunt supu\u015fi principiului excluziunii: dou\u0103 particule fermion nu pot ocupa acela\u015fi spa\u0163iu. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd se deplaseaz\u0103 prin diferite materiale, electronii se lovesc de al\u0163i electorni \u015fi pierd energie. \u00cen 1970, Leon Cooper a teoretizat c\u0103, \u00een anumite materiale \u015fi la temperaturi foarte mici, electronii pot realiza aceste \u201epartenieriate\u201d. Aceste parteneriate le permit\u00a0electronilor\u00a0<\/a>s\u0103 dep\u0103\u015feasc\u0103 principiul excluziunii \u015fi s\u0103 dob\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 caracteristici asem\u0103n\u0103toare bosonilor, ace\u015ftia din urm\u0103 av\u00e2nd capacitatea de a trece prin alte particule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Materialele prin care trecerea electronilor se face cu o pierdere minim\u0103 de energie sunt numite de c\u0103tre oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u201esuperconductoare<\/a>\u201d, dar, din cauza condi\u0163iilor extreme \u00een care func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 (temperaturi foarte joase sau presiuni extreme) au aplicabilit\u0103\u0163i limitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cen 2007, cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea Brown din Statele Unite ale Americii au descoperit o stare secund\u0103 a leg\u0103turilor Cooper, cea \u00een care electronii sunt bloca\u0163i \u00een mici insule de superconductibilitate, bloc\u00e2ndu-i \u00een anumite pozi\u0163ii. \u00cen func\u0163ie de starea electronilor, materialele <\/a>pot deveni superconductoare sau izolatoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n De\u015fi au stabilit c\u0103 perechile de electroni pot ac\u0163iona precum bosonii, oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 mai fac\u0103 o serie de teste \u015fi experimente pentru a putea formula ipoteze care s\u0103 explice acest fenomen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Studiul Intermediate bosonic metallic state in the superconductor-insulator transition<\/em> a fost publicat \u00een Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Prin studierea perechilor de electroni din materialele superconductoare, cercet\u0103torii au identificat o nou\u0103 stare a materiei. Electronii sunt unele dintre cele<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/OW8Fmd6.jpg?fit=2478%2C1469&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-eSe","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57178"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57180,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57178\/revisions\/57180"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/57179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}