{"id":59704,"date":"2020-02-10T09:03:44","date_gmt":"2020-02-10T07:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=59704"},"modified":"2020-02-10T09:04:46","modified_gmt":"2020-02-10T07:04:46","slug":"cum-a-intervenit-omul-pe-traseul-celui-mai-lung-fluviu-din-lume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=59704","title":{"rendered":"Cum a intervenit omul pe traseul celui mai lung fluviu din lume"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p> Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute fluvii de pe Terra, Nilul, a permis dezvoltarea uneia dintre cele mai importante civiliza\u0163ii ale lumii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> 1. Cel mai lung fluviu din lume <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/tb.ziareromania.ro\/Cele-mai-puternice-10-fluvii-din-lume--Video--Galerie-foto-\/fff121235f6286e548\/327\/0\/1\/70\/Cele-mai-puternice-10-fluvii-din-lume--Video--Galerie-foto-.jpg?w=800&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Imagini pentru . Cel mai lung fluviu din lume\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu o lungime de 6.690 kilometri, Nilul, cel mai lung fluviu din lume, curge spre nord \u015fi se vars\u0103 \u00een Marea Mediteran\u0103, dup\u0103 ce traverseaz\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu afluen\u0163ii lui, 11 \u0163\u0103ri &#8211; Sudan, Sudanul de Sud, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Eritreea, Kenya, Congo, Etiopia \u015fi Egipt. Bazinul s\u0103u hidrografic se \u00eentinde pe o suprafa\u0163\u0103 ce dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte 3 milioane de kilometri p\u0103tra\u0163i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> 2. Mai multe Nilur<\/strong>i <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Nile.png\/300px-Nile.png\" alt=\"Nile.png\" width=\"241\" height=\"279\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nilul \u00eemplete\u015fte apele mai multor afluen\u0163i, cei mai importan\u0163i fiind Nilul Alb \u015fi Nilul Albastru. Cel dint\u00e2i a fost numit a\u015fa datorit\u0103 argilei pe care o poart\u0103 \u015fi care d\u0103 culoare specific\u0103 apei. Nilul Albastru furnizeaz\u0103 aproximativ 80% din apa fluviului \u00een timpul sezonului ploios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong> 3. Misterul din jurul izvoarelor<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nilului Identificarea izvorului celui mai lung fluviu din lume i-a preocupat pe oameni \u00eenc\u0103 din antichitate, dar s-a transformat, la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea, \u00eentr-o adev\u0103rat\u0103 obsesie european\u0103. Dac\u0103 pentru Nilul Albastru enigma locului din care izvor\u0103\u015fte a fost deslu\u015fit\u0103 \u00een secolul al XVI-lea, \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte Nilul Alb misterul s-a p\u0103strat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Localizarea izvoarelor Nilului reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai controversate probleme geografice, o parte din aceste izvoare g\u0103sindu-se \u00een statele Burundi cu &#8220;Luvironza-Ruvuvu-Ruvusu-Akagera&#8221; \u015fi Rwanda cu &#8220;Rukarara-Nybarongo&#8221;, alte izvoare fiind &#8220;Akagera-Nil&#8221;, &#8220;Viktoria-Nil&#8221;, &#8220;Albert-Nil&#8221;,&#8221;Bahr-al-D\u015fabal, &#8220;Nilul-Alb&#8221;, &#8220;Nahr-an-Nil&#8221; \u015fi &#8220;Nilul&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Paradis s\u0103lbatic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Fluviul african str\u0103bate \u015fi influen\u0163eaz\u0103 o varietate de ecosisteme. Zona izvoarelor Nilului Alb abund\u0103 \u00een p\u0103duri tropicale cu bananieri, bambu\u015fi, arbori de cafea ori abanos; mai la nord, \u00eent\u00e2lnim savana, cu foarte pu\u0163ini copaci, dar cu ierburi \u015fi arbu\u015fti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.ulitarnica.ro\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Ravenala-madagascariensis-pt-WV-Y4508-H246-2.jpg?resize=247%2C329&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Imagini pentru p\u0103duri tropicale cu bananieri, bambu\u015fi pe pe nil\" width=\"247\" height=\"329\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen Sudanul de Sud, creeaz\u0103 o mla\u015ftin\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103 &#8211; Sudd, un paradis pentru crocodili \u015fi hipopotami. Vegeta\u0163ia devine tot mai s\u0103rac\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce fluviul \u00ee\u015fi continu\u0103 traseul spre nord, disp\u0103r\u00e2nd pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce Nilul ajunge \u00een de\u015fert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/SVZkvW8lp60eSmhfetJZEMuqaoy-UhzLXyeUmEzHIgEpSKWhIy13FBi-Iei8whgTmriX1F3RegGDePVec3L7ckxGHf35i_frSgdgfMEF4xOjJVbN0hur_mcaFBE7ZKvB\" alt=\"Imagini pentru mla\u015ftin\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103 - Sudan\" width=\"244\" height=\"162\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/storage0.dms.mpinteractiv.ro\/media\/401\/321\/5109\/5114172\/1\/croco-hippo-battle-01.jpg?resize=249%2C145&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Imagini pentru crocodili si hipopotami\" width=\"249\" height=\"145\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Una dintre cele mai importante componente ale florei Nilului este papirusul, o plant\u0103 erbacee acvatic\u0103, cu tulpina format\u0103 din foi\u0163e membranoase, \u015fi din care vechii egipteni au ob\u0163inut h\u00e2rtia, dar \u015fi funii, rogojini, p\u00e2nze \u015fi alte materiale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-E8JR4gsdvEA\/WFACf1yJraI\/AAAAAAAAJJc\/CTRo8HaaqCUSI0jFvaWT2ya6d8Zav7L0wCLcB\/s1600\/Cyperus%2Bpapyrus%2B1234%2BEnvironnement%2BTan%2BLac.JPG?resize=278%2C212&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Imagini pentru papirus planta nil\" width=\"278\" height=\"212\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"292\" height=\"172\" data-attachment-id=\"59711\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?attachment_id=59711\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image.jpeg?fit=292%2C172&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"292,172\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image.jpeg?fit=292%2C172&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image.jpeg?fit=292%2C172&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image.jpeg?resize=292%2C172\" alt=\"Imagini pentru fauna de pe nil\" class=\"wp-image-59711\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015ei fauna Nilului este extrem de bogat\u0103, de la diverse specii de pe\u015fti ori p\u0103s\u0103ri, la reptile ori mamifere. Cel mai cunoscut repretentant al faunei de aici \u00eel constituie Crocodilul de Nil, cel mai mare crocodil din Africa, cu o lungime maxim\u0103 de 6 metri \u015fi o greutate de circa 500 de kilograme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>5. Impactul omului<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Omul \u015fi-a pus amprenta pe traseul Nilului, iar interven\u0163iile din ultimele decenii sunt mai mult dec\u00e2t evidente. Una dintre acestea a avut loc \u00een 1970, odat\u0103 cu finalizarea Barajului Aswan, pentru a preveni inundarea anual\u0103 a regiunii sudice a Egiptului. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" data-attachment-id=\"59712\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?attachment_id=59712\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1.jpeg?fit=259%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"259,194\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1.jpeg?fit=259%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1.jpeg?fit=259%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/image-1.jpeg?resize=259%2C194\" alt=\"Imagini pentru Barajului Aswan de pe nil\" class=\"wp-image-59712\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Totu\u015fi, barajul a provocat multe probleme noi, pentru c\u0103 a \u00eempiedicat curgerea n\u0103molului adus de ape, acesta acumul\u00e2ndu-se pe fundul barajului \u015fi \u00een canale. Acest n\u0103mol a fost, de-a lungul timpului, un \u00eengr\u0103\u015f\u0103m\u00e2nt natural pentru zona deltei, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een prezent el este tot mai pu\u0163in. \u00cengr\u0103\u015f\u0103mintele chimice la care s-a apelat pentru a fertiliza solul au produs eroziuni, iar apele care se scurg de pe respectivele terenuri duc la moartea pe\u015ftilor din Nil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 2016, Etiopia a inaugurat cel mai \u00eenalt baraj din Africa &#8211; Marele baraj al rena\u015fterii etiopiene &#8211; un proiect ce dubleaz\u0103 capacitatea energetic\u0103, dar care amenin\u0163\u0103, \u00een acela\u015f timp, modul de via\u0163\u0103 al popula\u0163iilor locale, precum \u015fi un lac kenyan inclus \u00een patrimoniul UNESCO. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Investi\u0163ia nemul\u0163ume\u015fte Egiptul, autorit\u0103\u0163ile exprim\u00e2ndu-\u015fi \u00eengrijorarea c\u0103 barajul ar putea reduce rezervele de ap\u0103 deja sc\u0103zute ale Nilului, de care este aproape \u00een \u00eentregime dependent. Etiopia, \u00een schimb, sus\u0163ine c\u0103 acesta este crucial pentru dezvoltarea sa economic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sursa:adevarul<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute fluvii de pe Terra, Nilul, a permis dezvoltarea uneia dintre cele mai importante civiliza\u0163ii ale<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amuzament"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/unnamed-1.jpg?fit=512%2C320&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-fwY","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59704"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59718,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59704\/revisions\/59718"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/59717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}