{"id":65751,"date":"2020-06-30T08:48:14","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T05:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=65751"},"modified":"2020-06-30T08:48:17","modified_gmt":"2020-06-30T05:48:17","slug":"spiru-haret-matematicianul-care-a-renuntat-la-o-cariera-academica-de-succes-in-occident-pentru-a-ridica-romania-din-analfabetism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=65751","title":{"rendered":"Spiru Haret, matematicianul care a renun\u021bat la o carier\u0103 academic\u0103 de succes \u00een Occident pentru a ridica Rom\u00e2nia din analfabetism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

R\u0103mas \u00een istorie drept \u201eomul \u0219colii\u201d, Spiru Haret este cel care a reformat din temelii \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul rom\u00e2nesc, fiind con\u0219tient c\u0103 o \u021bar\u0103 \u00een care rata analfabetismului era de aproape 80% nu avea cum s\u0103 progreseze.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matematician, fizician \u0219i astronom, pedagog, om politic liberal \u0219i nu \u00een ultimul r\u00e2nd ministru, func\u021bie de\u021binut\u0103 de trei ori \u0219i prin care \u00ee\u0219i va pune decisiv amprenta asupra Rom\u00e2niei, Spiru Haret este cunoscut \u00een primul r\u00e2nd ca fiind \u201ep\u0103rintele\u201d \u0219colii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marele om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s-a n\u0103scut la 15 februarie 1851, la Ia\u0219i, \u00eentr-o familie armeneasc\u0103 \u00een care tat\u0103l, Costache, era judec\u0103tor. Studios de mic, Haret a fost admis cu burs\u0103 la Liceul \u201eSf\u00e2ntul Sava\u201d din Bucure\u0219ti la v\u00e2rsta de 11 ani. \u00cen perioada liceului a publicat o culegere de algebr\u0103 \u0219i o alta de trigonometrie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centre 1869 \u2013 1874 a studiat matematica \u0219i fizica la Facultatea de \u0218tiin\u021be a Universit\u0103\u021bii din Bucure\u0219ti. Dup\u0103 numai c\u00e2teva luni de la ob\u021binerea licen\u021bei, pleca la celebra universitate Sorbona, din Paris, cu o burs\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tigat\u0103 la un concurs organizat de Titu Maiorescu<\/a>, Ministru al Cultelor \u0219i Instruc\u021biunii Publice la vremea respectiv\u0103. \u00cen mai pu\u021bin de un an ob\u021binea licen\u021ba \u00een matematic\u0103, urmat\u0103 de cea \u00een fizic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primul rom\u00e2n cu doctorat la Paris<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La 27 de ani a devenit primul rom\u00e2n care a ob\u021binut un doctorat la Paris. Lucrarea sa, \u201eDespre invariabilitatea axelor mari ale orbitelor planetare\u201d (\u201eSur l\u2019invariabilit\u00e9 des grands axes des orbites plan\u00e9taires\u201d) corecteaz\u0103 \u0219i dezvolt\u0103 cercet\u0103rile efectuate de Pierre Simon Laplace, Joseph-Louis Lagrange \u015fi Sim\u00e9on Denis Poisson \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu varietatea axelor orbitelor planetare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haret devenea astfel \u0219i un pionier al astronomiei, demonstr\u00e2nd c\u0103 mi\u0219carea planetar\u0103 nu era stabil\u0103. Totodat\u0103, avea s\u0103 atrag\u0103 aten\u021bia unor reputa\u021bi savan\u021bi, precum\u00a0Henri Poincar\u00e9, matematician<\/a>, fizician \u0219i astronom francez, care avea s\u0103 spun\u0103 c\u0103, \u201e\u00een 1878, Spiru Haret a dovedit existen\u021ba termenilor seculari de gradul III \u0219i acest rezultat a provocat o mare uimire\u201d. Peste ani, \u00een 1976, primul nume rom\u00e2nesc din spa\u021biu va fi cel al lui Haret, prin\u00a0botezarea unui crater de pe Lun\u0103<\/a>\u00a0de c\u0103tre Uniunea Astronomic\u0103 Interna\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Revenind la teza de doctorat a lui Haret, men\u021bion\u0103m c\u0103 lucrarea a fost at\u00e2t de mult apreciat\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t Facultatea de \u0218tiinte din Paris a trimis o adres\u0103 Ministerului Cultelor \u0219i Instruc\u021biunii Publice. Rom\u00e2nia era felicitat\u0103 pentru \u201eun asemenea talent\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astfel se deschideau por\u021bile pentru ca Haret s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 la Paris, cercet\u0103tor sau profesor universitar. Va alege s\u0103 revin\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103, unde devine \u00een acela\u0219i an, prin concurs, profesor de mecanic\u0103 ra\u021bional\u0103, algebr\u0103 \u015fi geometrie analitic\u0103 la Facultatea de \u015etiin\u0163e. Din 1881 va preda trigonometria \u0219i geometria analitic\u0103 la \u0218coala de Poduri si \u0218osele (actuala Universitate Politehnic\u0103) p\u00e2n\u0103 la ie\u0219irea la pensie \u00een 1910.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Spiru
Spiru Haret (pe scaun \u00een st\u00e2nga), al\u0103turi de al\u021bi liberali: Ion I.C. Br\u0103tianu, Emil Costinescu, Mi\u015fu Pherekide, \u015e. Cr\u0103iniceanu, Alecu Constantinescu \u0219i V. Mor\u0163un \/ Credit foto: imagoromaniae.ro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La scurt timp de la revenirea \u00een \u021bar\u0103, Spiru Haret intr\u0103 \u00een politic\u0103, \u00een Partidul Na\u021bional Liberal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu o tez\u0103 de doctorat revolu\u021bionar\u0103 \u00een \u0219tiin\u021ba cosmosului, cu o carier\u0103 de peste 30 de ani ca profesor universitar, Haret va r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een istorie ca omul care a reformat din temelii \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u0219i educa\u021bia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, unele dintre ideile lui d\u0103inuind \u0219i ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ministrul matematician care reformeaz\u0103 \u0219coala<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ciuda instituirii \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului primar obligatoriu<\/a> \u00eenc\u0103 din 1864, Rom\u00e2nia avea o rat\u0103 a analfabetismului de 78 %, potrivit recens\u0103m\u00e2ntului popula\u021biei din 1899. Haret va afla despre aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie \u00eenc\u0103 din 1878 c\u00e2nd va \u00eencepe s\u0103 inspecteze \u0219colile, la solicitarea conducerii liberale a Ministerului Cultelor \u0219i Instruc\u021biunii Publice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devine inspector general al \u0219colilor \u00een 1883, moment \u00een care \u00eencepe s\u0103 elaboreze rapoarte despre problemele \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului. Se baza pe vizitele pe care le f\u0103cea \u00een \u0219colile din \u021bar\u0103, pe calitatea anterioar\u0103 de membru \u00een comisiile de examen \u0219i pe inspectarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torilor \u0219i profesorilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen 1884 a elaborat raportul general asupra \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului secundar, unul dintre documentele care au stat la baza reformelor pe care le va efectua \u00een sistemul de educa\u021bie din Rom\u00e2nia. Un an mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een 1885, munca pe care a depus-o i-a atras aten\u021bia noului ministru al Cultelor \u0219i Instruc\u021biunii Publice, D.A. Sturdza, care \u00eel va numi secretar general al ministerului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capacitatea lui Haret va fi extrem de apreciat\u0103 de D.A. Sturdza care, dup\u0103 ce a devenit premier, l-a \u00eenvestit ministru. Spiru Haret a fost ministru al Instruc\u021biunii Publice de trei ori (1897-1899, 1901-1904, 1907-1910) \u00een guvernele liberale conduse de D.A. Sturdza, respeciv Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centr-o Rom\u00e2nie preponderent agrar\u0103 \u0219i afectat\u0103 de o puternic\u0103 criz\u0103 social\u0103 \u0219i economic\u0103, minstrul Haret va reu\u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pun\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103 planul de reformare a \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului pe care \u00eel avea \u00eenc\u0103 din 1884.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Citeste in continuare pe descopera.ro<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u0103mas \u00een istorie drept \u201eomul \u0219colii\u201d, Spiru Haret este cel care a reformat din temelii \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul rom\u00e2nesc, fiind con\u0219tient c\u0103<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65752,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/spiru-haret.jpg?fit=398%2C453&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-h6v","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=65751"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65753,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65751\/revisions\/65753"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/65752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=65751"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=65751"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=65751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}