{"id":66096,"date":"2020-07-08T08:30:29","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T05:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=66096"},"modified":"2020-07-08T08:30:32","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T05:30:32","slug":"delfinii-sunt-atat-de-inteligenti-incat-invata-de-la-prietenii-lor-cum-sa-foloseasca-unelte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=66096","title":{"rendered":"Delfinii sunt at\u00e2t de inteligen\u021bi \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 de la prietenii lor cum s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 unelte"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Delfinii comuni Indo-Pacifici care tr\u0103iesc \u00een Shark Bay din vestul Australiei \u00ee\u0219i ob\u021bin hrana \u00eentr-un mod destul de neobi\u0219nuit.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Delfinii reu\u0219esc cumva s\u0103 conving\u0103 pe\u0219tii s\u0103 intre \u00een scoicile goale care au apar\u021binut c\u00e2ndva unor gasteropode marine. Apoi, pe\u0219tele este dus cu tot cu scoic\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba apei. Delfinii scutur\u0103 bine scoica \u0219i uite a\u0219a pe\u0219tele ajunge \u00een stomacul delfinului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 se nume\u0219te \u201eshelling\u201d \u0219i este doar a doua oar\u0103 c\u00e2nd este documentat\u0103 folosirea uneltelor de c\u0103tre delfini. Totu\u0219i, aceasta este pentru prima dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd delfinii au fost observa\u021bi \u00een timp ce \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 comportamente de la prietenii lor, la fel ca marile primate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Delfinii&nbsp;<strong>din vestul Australiei au dob\u00e2ndesc comportamente de la prietenii lor<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201eEste o descoperire major\u0103.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.descopera.ro\/natura\/19135564-tot-mai-multi-delfini-vazuti-in-bosfor-ce-semnifica-revenirea-mamiferelor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Comportamentul cultural al delfinilor<\/a>&nbsp;\u0219i al altor odontocete (mamifere acvatice cu din\u021bi \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 fanoane) este mult mai similar cu cel al marilor primate, inclusiv al oamenilor, dec\u00e2t am crezut ini\u021bial\u201d, a explicat Michael Kr\u00fctzen, biology la Universitatea din Zurich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Delfinii din specia Tursiops aduncus au fost observa\u021bi folosind prima oar\u0103 unelte \u00een urm\u0103 cu 20 de ani, \u00eemn timp ce \u00ee\u0219i&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.descopera.ro\/stiinta\/19051045-o-enzima-extrasa-din-buretii-de-mare-opreste-cresterea-celulelor-canceroase\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">puneau bure\u021bi de mare pe bot<\/a>, asemenea unui degetar, pentru a se proteja \u00een timp ce c\u0103utau hran\u0103 \u00een ad\u00e2ncuri. Acest comportament a fost numit \u201esponging\u201d \u0219i permite delfinilor s\u0103 acceseze hran\u0103 \u00een ape mai ad\u00e2nci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tehnica \u201esponging\u201d este adoptat\u0103 pe cale matrilineal\u0103, fiind o aptitudine transmis\u0103 de la mame la fiice. Acest tip de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare este numit transmitere vertical\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Totu\u0219i, mai exist\u0103 \u0219i alte cale de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare, anume \u201etranzi\u021bia social orizontal\u0103\u201d, prin intermdiul c\u0103rei indivizii dob\u00e2ndesc abilit\u0103\u021bi de la semenii lor. Acest mod de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare este&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.descopera.ro\/natura\/17889076-delfinii-la-fel-ca-oamenii-creeaza-prietenii-care-dureaza-o-viata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">observat mai des la speciile<\/a>&nbsp;cu \u201erepertorii culturale mai extinse\u201d, precum marile primate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Societ\u0103\u021bile de delfini se aseam\u0103n\u0103 foarte mult cu marile primate<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 similarit\u0103\u021bi \u00eentre societ\u0103\u021bile de delfini \u0219i cele de mari primate care i-au determinat pe oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 delfinii ar fi capabili de \u201e\u00eenv\u0103\u021bare orizontal\u0103\u201d, potrivit&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/clever-dolphins-can-pick-up-fishing-tricks-from-their-friends\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Science Alert<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Studiile anterioare cu privire la modul \u00een care delfinii \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 de la prietenii lor au fost promi\u021b\u0103toare, \u00eens\u0103 neconcludente. \u00cens\u0103, o echip\u0103 de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de la Universitatea german\u0103 Konstanz a identificat \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it aceast\u0103 transmitere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201e\u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 istoria lor evolu\u021bionar\u0103 \u0219i mediile \u00een care tr\u0103iesc difer\u0103 a\u0219a de mult, at\u00e2t delfinii, c\u00e2t \u0219i marile primate sunt mamifere care au capacit\u0103\u021bi inovatoare semnificative \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bi de transmitere cultural\u0103 a comportamentelor\u201d, a mai ad\u0103ugat Kr\u00fctzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vezi galeria foto <a href=\"https:\/\/www.descopera.ro\/galerii\/19397090-delfinii-sunt-atat-de-inteligenti-incat-invata-de-la-prietenii-lor-cum-sa-foloseasca-unelte?pic=19397097\">aici.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Delfinii comuni Indo-Pacifici care tr\u0103iesc \u00een Shark Bay din vestul Australiei \u00ee\u0219i ob\u021bin hrana \u00eentr-un mod destul de neobi\u0219nuit. Delfinii<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66098,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stiri-internationale"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/dolphin-innovation-project-delfini_descopera7.jpg?fit=900%2C600&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-hc4","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=66096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66099,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66096\/revisions\/66099"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/66098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=66096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=66096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=66096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}