{"id":66637,"date":"2020-07-21T08:57:09","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T05:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=66637"},"modified":"2020-07-21T08:57:12","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T05:57:12","slug":"polul-inaccesibilitatii-desertul-din-mijlocul-pacificului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/?p=66637","title":{"rendered":"\u201dPolul inaccesibilit\u0103\u021bii\u201d: de\u0219ertul din mijlocul Pacificului"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Centrul Pacificului de Sud este un loc at\u00e2t de \u00eendep\u0103rtat de p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u00eenc\u00e2t pu\u021bini sper\u0103 s\u0103 ajung\u0103 acolo vreodat\u0103. Oceanul este diferit acolo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceste ape \u00eendep\u0103rtate se afl\u0103 \u00een inima a ceea ce se nume\u0219te \u201eCurentul Pacificului de Sud\u201d (South Pacific Gyre \u2013 SPG, \u00een englez\u0103), unde se afl\u0103 \u201ePolul inaccesibilit\u0103\u021bii\u201d sau \u201ePunctul Nemo\u201d, renumitul cimitir al de\u0219eurilor spa\u021biale<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar ce se afl\u0103 acolo dincolo de fantomele navelor spa\u021biale? \u00cen ciuda de\u021binerii a 10% din suprafa\u021ba oceanului, \u201eCurentului Pacificului de Sud\u201d, cel mai mare dintre cele cinci sisteme tip vortex ale oceanelor, a fost \u00een general considerat un \u201ede\u0219ert\u201d \u00een termeni de biologie marin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest lucru s-a datorat \u00een special faptului c\u0103 este greu de explorat, deoarece se \u00eentinde pe 37 de milioane de kilometri p\u0103tra\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O echip\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103 de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 a reu\u0219it s\u0103 ofere \u00een premier\u0103 detalii despre via\u021ba \u00een aceste ape necunoscute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timp de \u0219ase s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni (decembrie 2015 \u2013 ianuarie 2016), un echipaj condus de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de la Institutul Max Planck pentru Microbiologie Marin\u0103 au navigat la bordul navei germane de cercetare FS Sonne, \u00eentr-o o c\u0103l\u0103torie de 7.000 de kilometri prin centrul Pacificului de Sud, din Chile \u00een Noua Zeeland\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe traseu, ace\u0219tia au prelevat mostre de la popula\u021biile microbiene care tr\u0103iau la ad\u00e2ncimi cuprinse \u00eentre 20 \u0219i 5.000 de metri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mai pu\u021bine celule dec\u00e2t \u00een alte zone oceanice similare<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSpre surprinderea noastr\u0103, am g\u0103sit aproximativ o treime mai pu\u021bine celule \u00een apele de la suprafa\u021ba Pacificului de Sud<\/a> \u00een compara\u021bie cu vortexurile oceanice din Atlantic\u201d, a spus unul dintre cercet\u0103tori, microbiologul Bernhard Fuchs. \u201eA fost probabil cel mai mic num\u0103r de celule m\u0103surat vreodat\u0103 \u00een apele de la suprafa\u021ba ocenului\u201d, a ad\u0103ugat acesta, potrivit Science Alert<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Printre microbii pe care echipa i-a g\u0103sit, au dominat 20 de specii de bacterii, pe care oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 le-au \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u0219i \u00een al\u021bi curen\u021bi oaceanici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea acestor comunit\u0103\u021bi de microbi<\/a> depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de ad\u00e2ncimea apei, bazat\u0103 pe factori precum schimb\u0103rile de temperatur\u0103, concentra\u021biile de nutrien\u021bi \u0219i cantitatea de lumin\u0103 disponibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O capacitate mai mare de adaptare a microorganismelor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Una dintre popula\u021biile identificate, numit\u0103 AEGEAN-169, era deosebit de numeroas\u0103 \u00een apele de suprafa\u021b\u0103 din centrul Pacificului de Sud, \u00een timp ce studii anterioare le-au descoperit la ad\u00e2ncimi de numai 500 de metri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAcest lucru indic\u0103 o poten\u021bial\u0103 adaptare interesant\u0103 la apele ultraoligotrofice (cu o productivitate biologic\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103) \u0219i la radia\u021bii solare ridicate\u201d, a declarat microbiologul Greta Reintjes, membr\u0103 a echipei de cercetare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Analizele efectuate de cercet\u0103tori au confirmat c\u0103 \u00een \u201ePolul inaccesibilit\u0103\u021bii\u201d din Pacificul de Sud<\/a> exist\u0103 un \u201ehabitat ultraoligotrofic unic\u201d, unde disponibilitatea sc\u0103zut\u0103 a nutrien\u021bilor limiteaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea organismelor \u0219i creaturilor oligotrofe specializate care s-au adaptat la \u201econdi\u021bii fizico-chimice extreme\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cercetarea arat\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 nu poate sc\u0103pa \u00eenc\u0103 de statutul de \u201ede\u0219ert\u201d de\u0219i ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii inedite despre aceste ape \u00eendep\u0103rtate aproape lipsite de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezultatele cercet\u0103rii au fost publicate \u00een Environmental Microbiology<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Credit foto: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology\/Google Earth\/NASA<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vezi galeria foto pe descopera.ro<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Centrul Pacificului de Sud este un loc at\u00e2t de \u00eendep\u0103rtat de p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u00eenc\u00e2t pu\u021bini sper\u0103 s\u0103 ajung\u0103 acolo vreodat\u0103. Oceanul<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stiri-internationale"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/realitatearutiera.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/calatorie-in-curentul-pacificului-de-sud-_Max-Planck-Institute-for-Marine-Microbiology-Google-Earth-NASA_descopera.jpg?fit=1067%2C600&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p61naM-hkN","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=66637"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66639,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66637\/revisions\/66639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/66638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=66637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=66637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/realitatearutiera.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=66637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}